diff --git a/repertory/librepertory/include/utils/utils.hpp b/repertory/librepertory/include/utils/utils.hpp
index f72d1472..b7843b3f 100644
--- a/repertory/librepertory/include/utils/utils.hpp
+++ b/repertory/librepertory/include/utils/utils.hpp
@@ -24,15 +24,25 @@
 
 #include "types/repertory.hpp"
 
-namespace repertory::utils {
+namespace repertory {
+class app_config;
+
+namespace utils {
 void calculate_allocation_size(bool directory, std::uint64_t file_size,
                                UINT64 allocation_size,
                                std::string &allocation_meta_size);
 
 [[nodiscard]] auto
-create_volume_label(const provider_type &prov) -> std::string;
+create_rocksdb(const app_config &cfg, const std::string &name,
+               const std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> &families,
+               std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *> &handles, bool clear)
+    -> std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB>;
+
+[[nodiscard]] auto create_volume_label(const provider_type &prov)
+    -> std::string;
 
 [[nodiscard]] auto get_attributes_from_meta(const api_meta_map &meta) -> DWORD;
-} // namespace repertory::utils
+} // namespace utils
+} // namespace repertory
 
 #endif // REPERTORY_INCLUDE_UTILS_UTILS_HPP_
diff --git a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_db.cpp b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_db.cpp
index 4ba53903..ba12a9f7 100644
--- a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_db.cpp
+++ b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_db.cpp
@@ -28,46 +28,7 @@
 #include "utils/file.hpp"
 #include "utils/path.hpp"
 #include "utils/string.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-[[nodiscard]] auto
-create_rocksdb(const repertory::app_config &cfg, const std::string &name,
-               const std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> &families,
-               std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *> &handles, bool clear)
-    -> std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB> {
-  REPERTORY_USES_FUNCTION_NAME();
-
-  auto db_dir =
-      repertory::utils::path::combine(cfg.get_data_directory(), {"db"});
-  if (not repertory::utils::file::directory{db_dir}.create_directory()) {
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(
-        fmt::format("failed to create db directory|", db_dir));
-  }
-
-  auto path = repertory::utils::path::combine(db_dir, {name});
-  if (clear &&
-      not repertory::utils::file::directory{path}.remove_recursively()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(
-        function_name, "failed to remove " + name + " db|" + path);
-  }
-
-  rocksdb::Options options{};
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.create_missing_column_families = true;
-  options.db_log_dir = cfg.get_log_directory();
-  options.keep_log_file_num = 10;
-
-  rocksdb::TransactionDB *ptr{};
-  auto status = rocksdb::TransactionDB::Open(
-      options, rocksdb::TransactionDBOptions{}, path, families, &handles, &ptr);
-  if (not status.ok()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(function_name, status.ToString());
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(status.ToString());
-  }
-
-  return std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB>(ptr);
-}
-} // namespace
+#include "utils/utils.hpp"
 
 namespace repertory {
 rdb_file_db::rdb_file_db(const app_config &cfg) : cfg_(cfg) {
@@ -86,7 +47,7 @@ void rdb_file_db::create_or_open(bool clear) {
   families.emplace_back("file", rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions());
 
   auto handles = std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *>();
-  db_ = create_rocksdb(cfg_, "file", families, handles, clear);
+  db_ = utils::create_rocksdb(cfg_, "file", families, handles, clear);
 
   std::size_t idx{};
   default_family_ = handles[idx++];
diff --git a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_mgr_db.cpp b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_mgr_db.cpp
index a9911c1e..530878f1 100644
--- a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_mgr_db.cpp
+++ b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_file_mgr_db.cpp
@@ -28,46 +28,7 @@
 #include "utils/file.hpp"
 #include "utils/path.hpp"
 #include "utils/string.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-[[nodiscard]] auto
-create_rocksdb(const repertory::app_config &cfg, const std::string &name,
-               const std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> &families,
-               std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *> &handles, bool clear)
-    -> std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB> {
-  REPERTORY_USES_FUNCTION_NAME();
-
-  auto db_dir =
-      repertory::utils::path::combine(cfg.get_data_directory(), {"db"});
-  if (not repertory::utils::file::directory{db_dir}.create_directory()) {
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(
-        fmt::format("failed to create db directory|", db_dir));
-  }
-
-  auto path = repertory::utils::path::combine(db_dir, {name});
-  if (clear &&
-      not repertory::utils::file::directory{path}.remove_recursively()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(
-        function_name, "failed to remove " + name + " db|" + path);
-  }
-
-  rocksdb::Options options{};
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.create_missing_column_families = true;
-  options.db_log_dir = cfg.get_log_directory();
-  options.keep_log_file_num = 10;
-
-  rocksdb::TransactionDB *ptr{};
-  auto status = rocksdb::TransactionDB::Open(
-      options, rocksdb::TransactionDBOptions{}, path, families, &handles, &ptr);
-  if (not status.ok()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(function_name, status.ToString());
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(status.ToString());
-  }
-
-  return std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB>(ptr);
-}
-} // namespace
+#include "utils/utils.hpp"
 
 namespace repertory {
 rdb_file_mgr_db::rdb_file_mgr_db(const app_config &cfg) : cfg_(cfg) {
@@ -86,7 +47,7 @@ void rdb_file_mgr_db::create_or_open(bool clear) {
   families.emplace_back("upload", rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions());
 
   auto handles = std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *>();
-  db_ = create_rocksdb(cfg_, "file_mgr", families, handles, clear);
+  db_ = utils::create_rocksdb(cfg_, "file_mgr", families, handles, clear);
 
   std::size_t idx{};
   resume_family_ = handles[idx++];
diff --git a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_meta_db.cpp b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_meta_db.cpp
index 561f7c4e..b0cb6660 100644
--- a/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_meta_db.cpp
+++ b/repertory/librepertory/src/db/impl/rdb_meta_db.cpp
@@ -27,46 +27,7 @@
 #include "utils/file.hpp"
 #include "utils/path.hpp"
 #include "utils/string.hpp"
-
-namespace {
-[[nodiscard]] auto
-create_rocksdb(const repertory::app_config &cfg, const std::string &name,
-               const std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> &families,
-               std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *> &handles, bool clear)
-    -> std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB> {
-  REPERTORY_USES_FUNCTION_NAME();
-
-  auto db_dir =
-      repertory::utils::path::combine(cfg.get_data_directory(), {"db"});
-  if (not repertory::utils::file::directory{db_dir}.create_directory()) {
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(
-        fmt::format("failed to create db directory|", db_dir));
-  }
-
-  auto path = repertory::utils::path::combine(db_dir, {name});
-  if (clear &&
-      not repertory::utils::file::directory{path}.remove_recursively()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(
-        function_name, "failed to remove " + name + " db|" + path);
-  }
-
-  rocksdb::Options options{};
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.create_missing_column_families = true;
-  options.db_log_dir = cfg.get_log_directory();
-  options.keep_log_file_num = 10;
-
-  rocksdb::TransactionDB *ptr{};
-  auto status = rocksdb::TransactionDB::Open(
-      options, rocksdb::TransactionDBOptions{}, path, families, &handles, &ptr);
-  if (not status.ok()) {
-    repertory::utils::error::raise_error(function_name, status.ToString());
-    throw repertory::startup_exception(status.ToString());
-  }
-
-  return std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB>(ptr);
-}
-} // namespace
+#include "utils/utils.hpp"
 
 namespace repertory {
 rdb_meta_db::rdb_meta_db(const app_config &cfg) : cfg_(cfg) {
@@ -86,7 +47,7 @@ void rdb_meta_db::create_or_open(bool clear) {
   families.emplace_back("source", rocksdb::ColumnFamilyOptions());
 
   auto handles = std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *>();
-  db_ = create_rocksdb(cfg_, "provider_meta", families, handles, clear);
+  db_ = utils::create_rocksdb(cfg_, "provider_meta", families, handles, clear);
 
   std::size_t idx{};
   default_family_ = handles[idx++];
diff --git a/repertory/librepertory/src/utils/utils.cpp b/repertory/librepertory/src/utils/utils.cpp
index 86183424..7b6a4909 100644
--- a/repertory/librepertory/src/utils/utils.cpp
+++ b/repertory/librepertory/src/utils/utils.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 #include "utils/utils.hpp"
 
 #include "app_config.hpp"
+#include "types/startup_exception.hpp"
 #include "utils/common.hpp"
+#include "utils/file.hpp"
+#include "utils/path.hpp"
 #include "utils/string.hpp"
 
 namespace repertory::utils {
@@ -44,6 +47,42 @@ void calculate_allocation_size(bool directory, std::uint64_t file_size,
   allocation_meta_size = std::to_string(allocation_size);
 }
 
+auto create_rocksdb(
+    const app_config &cfg, const std::string &name,
+    const std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyDescriptor> &families,
+    std::vector<rocksdb::ColumnFamilyHandle *> &handles, bool clear)
+    -> std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB> {
+  REPERTORY_USES_FUNCTION_NAME();
+
+  auto db_dir = utils::path::combine(cfg.get_data_directory(), {"db"});
+  if (not utils::file::directory{db_dir}.create_directory()) {
+    throw startup_exception(
+        fmt::format("failed to create db directory|", db_dir));
+  }
+
+  auto path = utils::path::combine(db_dir, {name});
+  if (clear && not utils::file::directory{path}.remove_recursively()) {
+    utils::error::raise_error(function_name,
+                              "failed to remove " + name + " db|" + path);
+  }
+
+  rocksdb::Options options{};
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  options.create_missing_column_families = true;
+  options.db_log_dir = cfg.get_log_directory();
+  options.keep_log_file_num = 10;
+
+  rocksdb::TransactionDB *ptr{};
+  auto status = rocksdb::TransactionDB::Open(
+      options, rocksdb::TransactionDBOptions{}, path, families, &handles, &ptr);
+  if (not status.ok()) {
+    throw startup_exception(fmt::format("failed to open rocksdb|path{}|error{}",
+                                        path, status.ToString()));
+  }
+
+  return std::unique_ptr<rocksdb::TransactionDB>(ptr);
+}
+
 auto create_volume_label(const provider_type &prov) -> std::string {
   return "repertory_" + app_config::get_provider_name(prov);
 }