Windows: Add an SDK for VeraCrypt Format that allows third-party application to create volumes

src/FormatDLL/FormatDLL.vcxproj

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+    <TargetName>VeraCryptFormat</TargetName>
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src/FormatDLL/FormatDLL.vcxproj.filters

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src/FormatDLL/VeraCryptFormatSDK.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+/*
+ * VeraCrypt Format SDK
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * This file provides a C-style DLL interface for creating VeraCrypt file containers
+ * and formatting non-system partitions. It serves as a headless, thread-safe wrapper
+ * around the core logic from Tcformat.c and related VeraCrypt source files.
+ *
+ * First created by Mounir IDRASSI (mounir.idrassi@amcrypto.jp)
+ * 
+ */
+
+#include "Tcdefs.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <Strsafe.h>
+
+#include "Dlgcode.h"
+#include "Crypto.h"
+#include "Apidrvr.h"
+#include "Common/Common.h"
+#include "Common/Dictionary.h"
+#include "Common/Pkcs5.h"
+#include "Platform/Finally.h"
+#include "Random.h"
+#include "Format.h"
+#include "Volumes.h"
+#include "Keyfiles.h"
+#include "Password.h"
+#include "Tests.h"
+#include "Wipe.h"
+#include "VeraCryptFormatSdk.h"
+
+
+// Global variables from Tcformat.c we need to control
+extern BOOL bDevice;
+extern unsigned __int64 nVolumeSize;
+extern int nVolumeEA;
+extern int hash_algo;
+extern int volumePim;
+extern volatile int fileSystem;
+extern volatile int clusterSize;
+extern volatile BOOL quickFormat;
+extern volatile BOOL fastCreateFile;
+extern volatile BOOL dynamicFormat;
+extern Password volumePassword;
+extern KeyFile *FirstKeyFile;
+extern wchar_t szDiskFile[TC_MAX_PATH+1];
+extern HINSTANCE hInst;
+extern BOOL bGuiMode;
+
+// Core formatting function from Format.c
+int TCFormatVolume (volatile FORMAT_VOL_PARAMETERS *volParams);
+
+// Helper functions from other parts of VeraCrypt
+void WipePasswordsAndKeyfiles (bool bFull);
+int DriverAttach ();
+BOOL AutoTestAlgorithms();
+extern "C" DWORD GetFormatSectorSize();
+void InitApp (HINSTANCE hInstance, wchar_t *lpszCommandLine);
+void cleanup ();
+
+// Global mutex to ensure that volume creation operations are serialized,
+// as the underlying code uses extensive global state.
+static std::mutex g_sdkMutex;
+static std::atomic<bool> g_isInitialized = false;
+static HINSTANCE g_hDllInstance = NULL;
+
+// Helper to map string representations to internal VeraCrypt EA IDs
+static int MapEncryptionAlgorithm(const wchar_t* algoName)
+{
+	if (!algoName) return 0;
+	wchar_t buf[100];
+	for (int ea = EAGetFirst(); ea != 0; ea = EAGetNext(ea))
+	{
+		if (EAIsFormatEnabled(ea) && _wcsicmp(algoName, EAGetName(buf, ARRAYSIZE(buf), ea, 1)) == 0)
+		{
+			return ea;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0; // Not found
+}
+
+// Helper to map string representations to internal VeraCrypt Hash IDs
+static int MapHashAlgorithm(const wchar_t* hashName)
+{
+	if (!hashName) return 0;
+	for (int id = FIRST_PRF_ID; id <= LAST_PRF_ID; ++id)
+	{
+		if (!HashIsDeprecated(id) && _wcsicmp(hashName, HashGetName(id)) == 0)
+		{
+			return id;
+		}
+	}
+	// Check for aliases
+	if (_wcsicmp(hashName, L"BLAKE2s") == 0) return BLAKE2S;
+	if (_wcsicmp(hashName, L"sha256") == 0) return SHA256;
+	if (_wcsicmp(hashName, L"sha512") == 0) return SHA512;
+	return 0; // Not found
+}
+
+// Helper to map string representations to internal VeraCrypt Filesystem IDs
+static int MapFilesystem(const wchar_t* fsName)
+{
+	if (!fsName || _wcsicmp(fsName, L"None") == 0) return FILESYS_NONE;
+	if (_wcsicmp(fsName, L"FAT") == 0) return FILESYS_FAT;
+	if (_wcsicmp(fsName, L"NTFS") == 0) return FILESYS_NTFS;
+	if (_wcsicmp(fsName, L"ExFAT") == 0) return FILESYS_EXFAT;
+	if (IsOSVersionAtLeast(WIN_10, 0) && _wcsicmp(fsName, L"ReFS") == 0) return FILESYS_REFS;
+	return -1; // Invalid filesystem
+}
+
+struct SdkProgressContext
+{
+	VeraCrypt_Progress_Callback UserCallback;
+	uint64_t TotalSize;
+	void* UserData;
+};
+
+// This function is intended to be called by the internal TCFormatVolume function.
+// It translates the progress into a percentage and calls the user-provided callback.
+static BOOL __cdecl SdkProgressCallback(unsigned __int64 bytesProcessed, void* cbData)
+{
+	if (!cbData) return FALSE;
+
+	SdkProgressContext* context = static_cast<SdkProgressContext*>(cbData);
+	if (context->UserCallback && context->TotalSize > 0)
+	{
+		int percentage = static_cast<int>((bytesProcessed * 100) / context->TotalSize);
+		if (percentage > 100) percentage = 100;
+
+		return context->UserCallback(percentage, context->UserData);
+	}
+
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+// The core implementation of the volume creation logic. Not exported.
+static int CreateVolumeInternal(const VeraCryptFormatOptions* options)
+{
+	// --- Parameter validation ---
+	if (!options || !options->path || wcslen(options->path) == 0) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+	if (!options->password && (options->keyfiles == nullptr || options->keyfiles[0] == nullptr)) return VCF_ERROR_PASSWORD_OR_KEYFILE_REQUIRED;
+	if (!options->isDevice && (options->dynamicFormat || options->fastCreateFile) && options->quickFormat == FALSE) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    if (options->isDevice && (options->dynamicFormat || options->fastCreateFile)) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+	// Lock the mutex to protect the global state used by VeraCrypt's format code
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sdkMutex);
+
+	// Use a finally block to ensure cleanup of globals and memory
+	finally_do({
+		// Clean up all sensitive data from globals
+		WipePasswordsAndKeyfiles(true);
+		// Reset globals to default state
+		KeyFileRemoveAll(&FirstKeyFile);
+		FirstKeyFile = nullptr;
+		bDevice = FALSE;
+		nVolumeSize = 0;
+		nVolumeEA = 1;
+		hash_algo = DEFAULT_HASH_ALGORITHM;
+		volumePim = 0;
+		fileSystem = FILESYS_NONE;
+		clusterSize = 0;
+		quickFormat = FALSE;
+		fastCreateFile = FALSE;
+		dynamicFormat = FALSE;
+		szDiskFile[0] = L'\0';
+	});
+
+
+	// --- Setup VeraCrypt's global state from our options struct ---
+	bDevice = options->isDevice;
+	nVolumeSize = options->size;
+
+	nVolumeEA = MapEncryptionAlgorithm(options->encryptionAlgorithm);
+	if (nVolumeEA == 0) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM;
+	
+	hash_algo = MapHashAlgorithm(options->hashAlgorithm);
+	if (hash_algo == 0) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_HASH_ALGORITHM;
+	
+	fileSystem = MapFilesystem(options->filesystem);
+	if (fileSystem == -1) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_FILESYSTEM;
+
+	volumePim = options->pim;
+	quickFormat = options->quickFormat;
+	fastCreateFile = options->fastCreateFile;
+	dynamicFormat = options->dynamicFormat;
+	clusterSize = options->clusterSize;
+	
+	if(dynamicFormat || fastCreateFile) quickFormat = TRUE;
+
+	if (options->password)
+	{
+		if (!CheckPasswordLength(NULL, (int)strlen(options->password), options->pim, FALSE, 0, TRUE, TRUE))
+		{
+			return VCF_ERROR_PASSWORD_POLICY;
+		}
+		strcpy_s((char*)volumePassword.Text, sizeof(volumePassword.Text), options->password);
+		volumePassword.Length = (unsigned __int32)strlen(options->password);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		volumePassword.Text[0] = 0;
+		volumePassword.Length = 0;
+	}
+
+	// --- Handle Keyfiles ---
+	FirstKeyFile = nullptr;
+	if (options->keyfiles)
+	{
+		for (int i = 0; options->keyfiles[i] != nullptr; ++i)
+		{
+			KeyFile* kf = (KeyFile*)malloc(sizeof(KeyFile));
+			if (!kf)
+			{
+				KeyFileRemoveAll(&FirstKeyFile);
+				return VCF_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+			}
+			StringCbCopyW(kf->FileName, sizeof(kf->FileName), options->keyfiles[i]);
+			FirstKeyFile = KeyFileAdd(FirstKeyFile, kf);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!KeyFilesApply(NULL, &volumePassword, FirstKeyFile, NULL))
+	{
+		return VCF_ERROR_KEYFILE_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	// --- Prepare for TCFormatVolume ---
+	StringCbCopyW(szDiskFile, sizeof(szDiskFile), options->path);
+
+	// --- Perform Validation (ported from Tcformat.c) ---
+	if (bDevice)
+	{
+		nVolumeSize = GetDeviceSize(szDiskFile);
+		if (nVolumeSize == (uint64_t)-1) return VCF_ERROR_CANNOT_GET_DEVICE_SIZE;
+	}
+	else // For file containers
+	{
+		if (nVolumeSize % TC_SECTOR_SIZE_FILE_HOSTED_VOLUME != 0) return VCF_ERROR_INVALID_VOLUME_SIZE;
+		if (nVolumeSize < TC_MIN_VOLUME_SIZE) return VCF_ERROR_VOLUME_SIZE_TOO_SMALL;
+		
+		if (!dynamicFormat)
+		{
+			wchar_t root[TC_MAX_PATH];
+			ULARGE_INTEGER freeSpace;
+			if (GetVolumePathName(szDiskFile, root, ARRAYSIZE(root)) && GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(root, &freeSpace, 0, 0))
+			{
+				if (nVolumeSize > freeSpace.QuadPart) return VCF_ERROR_CONTAINER_TOO_LARGE_FOR_HOST;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+    
+    // Validate filesystem choice against volume size
+	uint64_t dataAreaSize = GetVolumeDataAreaSize(FALSE, nVolumeSize);
+	DWORD sectorSize = bDevice ? GetFormatSectorSize() : TC_SECTOR_SIZE_FILE_HOSTED_VOLUME;
+	if (fileSystem == FILESYS_NTFS && (dataAreaSize < TC_MIN_NTFS_FS_SIZE || dataAreaSize > TC_MAX_NTFS_FS_SIZE))
+		return VCF_ERROR_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_FOR_SIZE;
+	if (fileSystem == FILESYS_FAT && (dataAreaSize < TC_MIN_FAT_FS_SIZE || dataAreaSize > (TC_MAX_FAT_SECTOR_COUNT * sectorSize)))
+		return VCF_ERROR_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_FOR_SIZE;
+	if (fileSystem == FILESYS_EXFAT && (dataAreaSize < TC_MIN_EXFAT_FS_SIZE || dataAreaSize > TC_MAX_EXFAT_FS_SIZE))
+		return VCF_ERROR_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_FOR_SIZE;
+	if (fileSystem == FILESYS_REFS && (dataAreaSize < TC_MIN_REFS_FS_SIZE || dataAreaSize > TC_MAX_REFS_FS_SIZE))
+		return VCF_ERROR_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_FOR_SIZE;
+
+
+	// --- Prepare parameters for the core formatting function ---
+	FORMAT_VOL_PARAMETERS volParams = { 0 };
+	volParams.bDevice = bDevice;
+	volParams.hiddenVol = FALSE; // SDK does not support hidden volumes
+	volParams.volumePath = szDiskFile;
+	volParams.size = nVolumeSize;
+	volParams.ea = nVolumeEA;
+	volParams.pkcs5 = hash_algo;
+	volParams.fileSystem = fileSystem;
+	volParams.clusterSize = clusterSize;
+	volParams.quickFormat = quickFormat;
+	volParams.fastCreateFile = fastCreateFile;
+	volParams.sparseFileSwitch = dynamicFormat;
+	volParams.sectorSize = sectorSize;
+	volParams.password = &volumePassword;
+	volParams.pim = volumePim;
+	volParams.bGuiMode = FALSE;
+	volParams.hwndDlg = NULL;
+	volParams.bForceOperation = TRUE;
+
+	// Setup progress callback
+	SdkProgressContext progressCtx = { 0 };
+	if (options->progressCallback)
+	{
+		progressCtx.UserCallback = options->progressCallback;
+		progressCtx.UserData = options->progressUserData;
+		progressCtx.TotalSize = GetVolumeDataAreaSize(FALSE, nVolumeSize);
+
+		volParams.progress_callback = SdkProgressCallback;
+		volParams.progress_callback_user_data = &progressCtx;
+	}
+	
+	// --- Call the core function ---
+	RandSetHashFunction(hash_algo);
+	int status = TCFormatVolume(&volParams);
+
+	// --- Return result ---
+	if (status == ERR_SUCCESS) return VCF_SUCCESS;
+	
+	// Map internal errors to public SDK errors
+	switch (status)
+	{
+		case ERR_OUTOFMEMORY: return VCF_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+		case ERR_OS_ERROR:
+		{
+			DWORD lastError = GetLastError();
+			if (lastError == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) return VCF_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+			return VCF_ERROR_OS_ERROR;
+		}
+		case ERR_USER_ABORT: return VCF_ERROR_USER_ABORT;
+		default: return VCF_ERROR_GENERIC;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// --- Public DLL Exported Functions ---
+
+extern "C"
+{
+	VCF_API int __cdecl VeraCryptFormat_Initialize()
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sdkMutex);
+		if (g_isInitialized)
+		{
+			return VCF_SUCCESS;
+		}
+		Silent = TRUE; // We don't want UI
+		bGuiMode = FALSE; // Ensure GUI mode is off
+		InitApp(g_hDllInstance, L"");
+
+		if (DriverAttach() != 0) return VCF_ERROR_NO_DRIVER;
+		if (!AutoTestAlgorithms()) { cleanup(); return VCF_ERROR_SELF_TEST_FAILED; }
+		if (Randinit()) { cleanup(); return VCF_ERROR_RNG_INIT_FAILED; }
+
+		g_isInitialized = true;
+		return VCF_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	VCF_API void __cdecl VeraCryptFormat_Shutdown()
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_sdkMutex);
+        if (g_isInitialized)
+        {
+		    RandStop(TRUE);
+            cleanup();
+		    g_isInitialized = false;
+        }
+	}
+
+	VCF_API int __cdecl VeraCryptFormat(const VeraCryptFormatOptions* options)
+	{
+		if (!g_isInitialized)
+		{
+			return VCF_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+		}
+
+		// The internal function handles all logic and thread safety.
+		return CreateVolumeInternal(options);
+	}
+
+	BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved)
+	{
+		switch (fdwReason)
+		{
+		case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
+            g_hDllInstance = hinstDLL;
+			break;
+
+		case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
+		case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
+			break;
+
+		case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+			if (g_isInitialized)
+			{
+				VeraCryptFormat_Shutdown();
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		return TRUE;
+	}
+}

src/FormatDLL/VeraCryptFormatSDK.h

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef VCSDK_EXPORTS
+#define VCF_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define VCF_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// --- Public Data Structures and Callbacks ---
+
+/**
+ * @brief Defines the parameters for creating a VeraCrypt volume.
+ */
+typedef struct _VeraCryptFormatOptions
+{
+	/** The full path to the file container to be created, or the device path (e.g., "\\.\PhysicalDrive1" or "\\.\HarddiskVolume1"). */
+	const wchar_t* path;
+
+	/** Set to TRUE if the path points to a device/partition, FALSE for a file container. */
+	BOOL isDevice;
+
+	/** The password for the new volume. Can be NULL if keyfiles are used. Must be UTF-8 encoded. */
+	const char* password;
+
+	/** A NULL-terminated array of wide-char strings, each being a full path to a keyfile. Set to NULL if no keyfiles are used. */
+	const wchar_t** keyfiles;
+
+	/** The Personal Iterations Multiplier (PIM). Use 0 for default PIM. */
+	int pim;
+
+	/** The size of the volume in bytes. This is only used for file containers (when isDevice is FALSE). Must be a multiple of 512. */
+	uint64_t size;
+
+	/** The encryption algorithm to use. E.g., L"AES", L"Serpent", L"Twofish", L"AES-Twofish-Serpent". */
+	const wchar_t* encryptionAlgorithm;
+
+	/** The header key derivation and random pool hash algorithm. E.g., L"SHA-512", L"RIPEMD-160", L"Whirlpool", L"BLAKE2s-256", L"SHA-256". */
+	const wchar_t* hashAlgorithm;
+
+	/** The filesystem for the new volume. E.g., L"NTFS", L"FAT", L"ExFAT", L"ReFS", or L"None". */
+	const wchar_t* filesystem;
+
+	/** The cluster size in sectors (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8...). Use 0 for default. */
+	int clusterSize;
+	
+	/** If TRUE, performs a quick format. This is faster but less secure as old data is not overwritten. */
+	BOOL quickFormat;
+	
+	/** If TRUE, creates a dynamically-expanding (sparse) file container. Only for file containers. Implies quickFormat=TRUE. */
+	BOOL dynamicFormat;
+
+	/** If TRUE, creates a file container very quickly without waiting for random pool to be filled. Less secure. Only for file containers. Implies quickFormat=TRUE. */
+	BOOL fastCreateFile;
+
+	/** A callback function to receive progress updates. Can be NULL. It can return FALSE to abort the operation. */
+	BOOL (CALLBACK *progressCallback)(int percentComplete, void* userData);
+
+	/** User-defined data to be passed to the progress callback. */
+	void* progressUserData;
+
+} VeraCryptFormatOptions;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Progress callback function pointer type.
+ * @param percentComplete The percentage of the format operation that is complete (0-100).
+ * @param userData The user-defined data pointer passed in VeraCryptFormatOptions.
+ * @return Returns TRUE to continue the operation, or FALSE to abort it.
+ */
+typedef BOOL (CALLBACK *VeraCrypt_Progress_Callback)(int percentComplete, void* userData);
+
+
+// --- Public Error Codes ---
+#define VCF_SUCCESS                             0
+#define VCF_ERROR_GENERIC                       1   // A generic or unknown error occurred.
+#define VCF_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER             2   // An invalid parameter was passed (e.g. NULL path).
+#define VCF_ERROR_PASSWORD_OR_KEYFILE_REQUIRED  3   // A password and/or keyfile must be provided.
+#define VCF_ERROR_INVALID_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM  4
+#define VCF_ERROR_INVALID_HASH_ALGORITHM        5
+#define VCF_ERROR_INVALID_FILESYSTEM            6
+#define VCF_ERROR_PASSWORD_POLICY               7   // Password is too long or violates other policies.
+#define VCF_ERROR_KEYFILE_ERROR                 8   // Error reading or processing a keyfile.
+#define VCF_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY                 9
+#define VCF_ERROR_OS_ERROR                      10  // A Windows API call failed.
+#define VCF_ERROR_CANNOT_GET_DEVICE_SIZE        11
+#define VCF_ERROR_VOLUME_SIZE_TOO_SMALL         12
+#define VCF_ERROR_RNG_INIT_FAILED               13
+#define VCF_ERROR_NO_DRIVER                     14  // VeraCrypt driver is not running.
+#define VCF_ERROR_SELF_TEST_FAILED              15
+#define VCF_ERROR_USER_ABORT                    16  // Should not occur in SDK, but mapped for completeness.
+#define VCF_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED         17
+#define VCF_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED               18
+#define VCF_ERROR_INVALID_VOLUME_SIZE           19  // e.g., not a multiple of sector size.
+#define VCF_ERROR_FILESYSTEM_INVALID_FOR_SIZE   21  // The selected filesystem cannot be used for the given volume size.
+#define VCF_ERROR_CONTAINER_TOO_LARGE_FOR_HOST  22  // The file container is larger than the available free space.
+#define VCF_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED                 23  // The target path is read-only or cannot be created.
+
+
+// --- Public API Functions ---
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes the VeraCrypt Format SDK.
+ * This function must be called once per process before any other SDK functions.
+ * It attaches to the VeraCrypt driver, runs self-tests, and seeds the RNG.
+ * This function is thread-safe.
+ *
+ * @return Returns VCF_SUCCESS (0) on success, or a non-zero VCF_ERROR_* code on failure.
+ */
+VCF_API int __cdecl VeraCryptFormat_Initialize();
+
+/**
+ * @brief Shuts down the VeraCrypt Format SDK.
+ * Call this function when the SDK is no longer needed to release resources.
+ */
+VCF_API void __cdecl VeraCryptFormat_Shutdown();
+
+/**
+ * @brief Creates a VeraCrypt volume (file container or formatted partition).
+ * This is the main entry point for the VeraCrypt Format SDK.
+ * This function is synchronous and will block until the format operation is complete.
+ * It is thread-safe, but operations are serialized internally.
+ * VeraCryptFormat_Initialize() must be called successfully before using this function.
+ *
+ * @param options A pointer to a VeraCryptFormatOptions struct containing all parameters for the operation.
+ * @return Returns VCF_SUCCESS (0) on success, or a non-zero VCF_ERROR_* code on failure.
+ */
+VCF_API int __cdecl VeraCryptFormat(const VeraCryptFormatOptions* options);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif