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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>VeraCrypt - 为偏执者提供强大安全保障的免费开源磁盘加密工具</title>
<meta name="description" content="VeraCrypt是一款适用于Windows、Mac OS X和Linux的免费开源磁盘加密软件。如果攻击者迫使您透露密码，VeraCrypt提供似是而非的否认能力。与文件加密不同，VeraCrypt执行的数据加密是实时（即时）、自动、透明的，只需要很少的内存，并且不涉及临时未加密文件。"/>
<meta name="keywords" content="加密, 安全"/>
<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div>
<a href="Documentation.html"><img src="VeraCrypt128x128.png" alt="VeraCrypt"/></a>
</div>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li><a href="Home.html">主页</a></li>
<li><a href="Code.html">源代码</a></li>
<li><a href="Downloads.html">下载</a></li>
<li><a class="active" href="Documentation.html">文档</a></li>
<li><a href="Donation.html">捐赠</a></li>
<li><a href="https://sourceforge.net/p/veracrypt/discussion/" target="_blank">论坛</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<p>
<a href="Documentation.html">文档</a>
<img src="arrow_right.gif" alt=">>" style="margin-top: 5px">
<a href="Technical%20Details.html">技术细节</a>
<img src="arrow_right.gif" alt=">>" style="margin-top: 5px">
<a href="Modes%20of%20Operation.html">操作模式</a>
</p></div>
<div class="wikidoc">
<h1>操作模式</h1>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
VeraCrypt用于加密分区、驱动器和虚拟卷的操作模式是XTS。
<br style="text-align:left">
<br style="text-align:left">
XTS模式实际上是XEX模式 <a href="http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/%7Erogaway/papers/offsets.pdf">
[12]</a>，它由Phillip Rogaway在2003年设计，有一个小的修改（XEX模式将单个密钥用于两个不同的目的，而XTS模式使用两个独立的密钥）。<br style="text-align:left">
<br style="text-align:left">
2010年，XTS模式被美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）批准用于保护存储设备上数据的机密性 [24]。2007年，它也被电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）批准用于面向块的存储设备上数据的加密保护（IEEE 1619）。</div>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
&nbsp;</div>
<h2 style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<strong style="text-align:left">XTS模式的描述</strong>:</h2>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<em style="text-align:left">C<sub style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">i</sub></em> =
<em style="text-align:left">E</em><sub style="text-align:left; font-size:85%"><em style="text-align:left">K</em>1</sub>(<em style="text-align:left">P<sub style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">i</sub></em> ^ (<em style="text-align:left">E</em><sub style="text-align:left; font-size:85%"><em style="text-align:left">K</em>2</sub>(<em style="text-align:left">n</em>)
<img src="gf2_mul.gif" alt="" width="10" height="10">
<em style="text-align:left">a<sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">i</sup></em>)) ^ (<em style="text-align:left">E</em><sub style="text-align:left; font-size:85%"><em style="text-align:left">K</em>2</sub>(<em style="text-align:left">n</em>)
<img src="gf2_mul.gif" alt="" width="10" height="10"><em style="text-align:left"> a<sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">i</sup></em>)</div>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
其中：</div>
<table style="border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:0px; width:608px; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; border:0px outset #999">
<tbody style="text-align:left">
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
&nbsp;<sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">&nbsp;<img src="gf2_mul.gif" alt="" width="10" height="10"></sup></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
表示在二进制域GF(2)上，两个多项式模 <em style="text-align:left">
x</em><sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">128</sup>+<em style="text-align:left">x</em><sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">7</sup>+<em style="text-align:left">x</em><sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">2</sup>+<em style="text-align:left">x</em>+1 的乘法</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="width:30px; vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<em style="text-align:left">K</em>1</td>
<td style="width:578px; vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
是加密密钥（对于每个支持的密码算法，如AES、Serpent和Twofish，均为256位）</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<em style="text-align:left">K</em>2</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
是辅助密钥（对于每个支持的密码算法，如AES、Serpent和Twofish，均为256位）</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<em style="text-align:left">i</em></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
是数据单元内的密码块索引； 对于数据单元内的第一个密码块，
<em style="text-align:left">i</em> = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<em style="text-align:left">n</em></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
是在 <em style="text-align:left">K</em>1 范围内的数据单元索引； 对于第一个数据单元，
<em style="text-align:left">n</em> = 0</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<em style="text-align:left">a</em></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
是伽罗瓦域 (2<sup style="text-align:left; font-size:85%">128</sup>) 中对应于多项式
<em style="text-align:left">x</em>（即2）的一个本原元</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; color:#000000; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; padding:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
<span style="text-align:left; font-size:10px; line-height:12px">注意：其余符号的定义见
<a href="Notation.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">
符号说明</a> 部分。 </span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<br style="text-align:left">
每个数据单元的大小始终为512字节（与扇区大小无关）。</div>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
有关XTS模式的更多信息，请参阅例如 <a href="http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/%7Erogaway/papers/offsets.pdf" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">
[12]</a> 和 <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38E/nist-sp-800-38E.pdf" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">
[24]</a>。</div>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<a href="Header%20Key%20Derivation.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold">下一部分 &gt;&gt;</a></div>
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