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VeraCrypt/doc/html/en/Encryption Algorithms.html
Mounir IDRASSI 982fffe4db Reorder SM4-based cascade ciphers: apply SM4 as the final stage following external review. 
The cascade order has been updated so that SM4 is applied after the other cipher(s) (e.g., Serpent). This change reflects standard cryptanalytic guidance, which shows that the overall strength of a cascade is limited by the first encryption stage. Given that SM4 uses a 128-bit key, its post-quantum brute-force resistance is lower than ciphers with a 256-bit key (such as Serpent). By placing SM4 last, we ensure that any potential weakness in SM4 cannot reduce the security margin provided by the stronger cipher.
2025-05-16 15:37:32 +09:00

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<h1>Encryption Algorithms</h1>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
VeraCrypt volumes can be encrypted using the following algorithms:</div>
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Algorithm</th>
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Designer(s)</th>
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Key Size<br>
(Bits)</th>
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Block Size (Bits)</th>
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<a href="Modes%20of%20Operation.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Mode of Operation</a></th>
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&nbsp;</td>
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&nbsp;</td>
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&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
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<a href="AES.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">AES</a></td>
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J. Daemen, V. Rijmen</td>
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256</td>
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128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Modes%20of%20Operation.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">XTS</a></td>
</tr>
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<a href="Camellia.html">Camellia</a></td>
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<p align="center" style="margin-left:0cm"><font face="Arial, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:9pt">Mitsubishi Electric and NTT of Japan</font></font></p>
</td>
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256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
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<p align="center" style="margin-left:0cm"><a href="Kuznyechik.html">Kuznyechik</a></p>
</td>
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<p align="center" style="margin-left:0cm"><font face="Arial, serif"><font size="2" style="font-size:9pt">National Standard of the Russian Federation<br>
GOST R 34.12-2015</font></font></p>
</td>
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256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;128</td>
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&nbsp;XTS</td>
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<a href="Serpent.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Serpent</a></td>
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R. Anderson, E. Biham, L. Knudsen</td>
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256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
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<a href="SM4.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">SM4</a></td>
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Data Assurance & Communication Security Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences<br>GB/T 32907-2016</td>
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128</td>
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128</td>
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XTS</td>
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<a href="Twofish.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Twofish</a></td>
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B. Schneier, J. Kelsey, D. Whiting,<br>
D. Wagner, C. Hall, N. Ferguson</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
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<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">AES-Twofish</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
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128</td>
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XTS</td>
</tr>
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<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">AES-Twofish-Serpent</a></td>
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&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Camellia-Kuznyechik</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Camellia-Serpent</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Kuznyechik-AES</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
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256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Kuznyechik-Serpent-Camellia</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Kuznyechik-Twofish</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Serpent-AES</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Serpent-Twofish-AES</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">Twofish-Serpent</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">SM4-Kuznyechik</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">SM4-Serpent</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">SM4-Twofish</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
<a href="Cascades.html" style="color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">SM4-Twofish-Serpent</a></td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128; 256; 256</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
128</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
XTS</td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align:left">
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
<td style="color:#000000; font-size:11px; line-height:13px; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; border-width:0px 1px 0px 0px; border-style:none solid solid none; padding:5px; border-color:white #000000 #ffffff white">
&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
For information about XTS mode, please see the section <a href="Modes%20of%20Operation.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none">
Modes of Operation</a>.</div>
<div style="text-align:left; margin-top:19px; margin-bottom:19px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px">
<a href="AES.html" style="text-align:left; color:#0080c0; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold.html">Next Section &gt;&gt;</a></div>
</div><div class="ClearBoth"></div></body></html>
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